Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Domestic Dogs from Central Department–Paraguay, 2023–2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v10.663Keywords:
toxoplasmosis, seroprevalence, risk factors, zoonosis, domestic dogs, ParaguayAbstract
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which infects warm-blooded animals, including humans. Environmental, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors influenced its transmission, requiring an integrated One Health approach. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis in humans and domestic dogs in the Central Department, Paraguay. Methodology:An analytical cross-sectional observational study with convenience sampling was conducted. In the first stage, IgG antibodies against T. gondii were measured in 133 people over 18 years and 52 dogs. In the second stage, humans were classified as seropositive or seronegative. Both groups completed a structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic characteristics, hygienic-dietary habits, and knowledge about the parasitosis, identifying possible factors associated with infection. Results: Seroprevalence was 41.35% in humans and 40.38% in dogs. In humans, seropositivity increased significantly with age. Consumption of raw vegetables and low frequency of washing fruits and vegetables were identified as possible associated factors, although without statistical significance. Greater knowledge about toxoplasmosis was significantly associated with a lower probability of being seropositive (p = 0.0251). In dogs, being rescued and exclusive feeding with commercial feed were significantly associated with seropositivity (p = 0.034). Conclusion: The results highlighted the importance of strengthening health education and preventive measures in humans and domestic animals, considering the interaction among human, animal, and environmental health.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Bioq Emilia Delvalle, Dra Cecilia González, Biologa Sady Britez, Dra Ivalena de Guillén, QA Laua Aria, Bioq Cynthia Bernal, Bioclin Alejandra Rojas , Dra María Eugenia Acosta
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